ChapterSource: Silbernagl S, Lang F, ed. Color Atlas of Pathophysiology. 3rd Edition. Thieme; 2016. doi:10.1055/b-005-148940Comment: Overview|Erythrocytes|Erythropoiesis, Anemia|Erythrocyte Turnover: Abnormalities, Compensation, and Diagnosis|Megaloblastic Anemia Due to Abnormalities in DNA Synthesis|Anemias Due to Disorders of Hemoglobin Synthesis|Iron Deficiency Anemia|Hemolytic Anemias|Malaria|Immune Defense|Inflammation|Hypersensitivity Reactions (Allergies)|Autoimmune Diseases|Immune Defects|Hemostasis and Its Disorders
ChapterSource: Agarwal N, ed. Neurosurgery Fundamentals. 1st Edition. Thieme; 2018. doi:10.1055/b-006-149688Comment: Historically, the neurological examination was the primary method by which neurosurgeons evaluated a patient’s neurologic status, determined anatomic sites of dysfunction, and deduced the underlying pathology. Today, however, outpatients often arrive at the clinic with laboratory testing, electrophysiological studies, imaging, prior evaluation by a neurologist or primary care provider, and even an established diagnosis. Thus, in practice, neurosurgeons use a focused and selective neurological examination to corroborate pathology identified by other diagnostic modalities and assess the functional status of the patient. Similarly, for inpatients, the neurological examination is a rapid and cost-effective first-line assessment for tracking patient progress and assessing acute changes. This chapter summarizes key elements of the neurological examination.
ChapterSource: Wilding R, ed. Applied Oral Physiology: The Integration of Sciences in Clinical Dentistry. 1st Edition. Thieme; 2020. doi:10.1055/b000000356Comment: Covers the grouped soft tissues of the mouth and the tooth-supporting tissues. The oral mucosa varies from the thin, fragile lining of the floor of the mouth to the rugged masticatory mucosa of the tongue and hard palate. These tough mucosal surfaces may have to withstand the rigors of masticating hard food. The periodontium which includes the structures supporting the teeth is of great importance to dentists. When it is infected and the tissue destroyed, the teeth may literally fall out. And notwithstanding all the progress in treating periodontal disease, it remains resistant to treatment in many patients. The junction between the tooth root and the supporting tissues provides a potential route of entry of bacteria into the body, which is unusual; all other external openings of the body are lined with epithelium with the exception of the fallopian tubes. The teeth are not held rigidly in their sockets like reptilian or fish teeth. They are able to move slightly in function and have the capacity to reposition as they erupt and drift when unsupported by neighbors or opposing teeth. An understanding of the dynamic structures of tooth support is essential to understanding the response of the periodontium to infection.
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